Kodi Khumbu Icefall Ndi Yozama Motani Ndipo N’chifukwa Chiyani Ili Yoopsa Kwambiri?

Khumbu Icefall ndi imodzi mwa madera oopsa kwambiri pa Phiri la Everest. Ndi chisanu chomwe chimasintha nthawi zonse, chifukwa onse okwera mapiri amayenera kuwoloka chisanu kuchokera mbali ya Nepal kuti akafike pamwamba. Ili ndi dera losangalatsa komanso loopsa chifukwa mizati ya ayezi ndi yayitali kwambiri, ming'alu ndi yakuya ndipo ayezi ndi yosakhazikika kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti ndi yayitali makilomita ochepa okha, ndi chimodzi mwa zopinga zovuta kwambiri paulendo uliwonse wa Everest.

Anthu ambiri amadzifunsa kuti Khumbu Icefall ndi yozama bwanji komanso chifukwa chake anthu odziwa bwino kukwera mapiri amakhala osamala kwambiri akamakwera phirili. Yankho lake ndi loposa muyeso wamba. Madzi oundana amasintha nthawi zonse, akuyenda komanso akusintha mawonekedwe, kuya ndi mkhalidwe tsiku lililonse. Pomvetsetsa momwe amapangidwira komanso chifukwa chake amachita zinthu motere, munthu amatha kumvetsetsa chifukwa chake kuwoloka phirili ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri pakukwera phiri lalitali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Kodi Khumbu Ice Fall Ili Kuti?

Chigwa cha Everest Icefall chili kum'mwera kwa phiri la Everest mkati mwa Sagarmatha National Park ku Nepal. Chimayambira pamwamba pa Base Camp ya Everest (pafupifupi mamita 5364/17598 ft) ndipo chimapita patsogolo ku Camp I (pafupifupi mamita 6065/19898 ft).

Iyi ndi gawo la Khumbu Glacier, yomwe ndi yayitali kwambiri ku Nepal. Okwera mapiri pa msewu wa South Col adzafunika kuwoloka chisanu ichi asanalowe ku Western Cwm asanafike pamwamba. Chifukwa chake, chisanu ndi chopinga choyamba chachikulu pochoka pamsasa komanso chimodzi mwa zinthu zovuta kwambiri paulendowu.

Kodi Madzi Oundana a Khumbu Ndi Ozama Motani?

Khumbu Icefall si malo okhazikika chifukwa ndi malo oundana oyenda okhala ndi ming'alu, nsanja za ayezi ndi malo osafanana. Kuzama kwa ming'alu ina ndi mamita ochepa okha ndipo ina ndi yakuya kuposa mamita 45 mpaka 60 (148 mpaka 197 ft). M'madera ena, ofufuza amaganiza kuti ming'alu ingapo imapita mozama kuposa yomwe imayesedwa ndipo kuya kwa ming'alu sikungathe kudziwika nthawi zonse chifukwa mlatho wa chipale chofewa ungabise kuya kwenikweni.

M'malo ambiri, chipale chofewa chimakhala chokhuthala mamita mazana angapo. Koma nkhawa yaikulu ya okwera mapiri ndi kuya kwa ming'alu yomwe ayenera kuwoloka. Limodzi mwa mabowo amenewa nthawi zambiri limaunikiridwa ndi mdima wokha - popeza pansi pake sipaoneka. Chifukwa chake, pamafunika kusamala nthawi zonse ndipo ngati wina alakwitsa pang'ono, zingakhale ndi zotsatirapo zoopsa.

Kuzama kwake kumasinthasinthanso ndi nthawi. Ming'alu yakale ya crevasse imachira pamene chisanu chikutsika m'phiri ndipo ming'alu yatsopano ya crevasse imapangika. Chipale chofewa nthawi zina chingagwe m'mipata yosatetezeka ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti iwoneke yolimba pamene si yolimba.

Kodi Madzi Oundana Anapangidwa Bwanji?

Njira ya Khumbu Icefall ndi yotheka chifukwa Khumbu Glacier imatsika pansi pa phiri lotsetsereka kwambiri. Pamene chisanu chikutsika, ayeziyo iyenera kupindika ndikusweka pamene ikudutsa pamwamba pa nthaka yosakhazikika.

Madzi oundana amayenda ngati mtsinje woyenda pang'onopang'ono, mosiyana ndi miyala yolimba. Mbali zakunja za madzi oundana sizimayenda pa liwiro lofanana ndi pansi, kotero pali kupsinjika mkati mwa madzi oundana. Kupsinjika kumeneku kumabweretsa ming'alu yayikulu ndi mapiri ataliatali a ayezi otchedwa seracs.

Palibe malo opumulirako oyendera. Kusintha kumachitika mkati mwa chisanu ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira, koma kusintha kwa kutentha kumakhudzidwa ndi kutentha. M'nyengo yotentha, malo amatha kukhala osakhazikika kwambiri akasungunuka ndipo nthaka imayamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri.

N’chifukwa Chiyani Kugwa kwa Khumbu Icefall Kuli Koopsa Kwambiri?

Madzi a Khumbu Icefall amaonedwa kuti ndi osatetezeka, chifukwa palibe chomwe chingakhalepo kwa nthawi yayitali. Pamene madzi a glacier akuyenda tsiku lililonse, ming'alu imatseguka ndipo zidutswa zazikulu za ayezi zimasuntha. Okwera mapiri sayenera kuganiza kuti njira yomwe inali yotetezeka dzulo ndi yotetezeka lero.

Ngozi yochokera ku ma serac omwe akugwa ndi imodzi mwa zoopsa kwambiri. Amatha kukhala otetezeka ndikukhala nsanja yayikulu ya ayezi kwa milungu ingapo mpaka atayamba kusweka mwadzidzidzi popanda chenjezo. Akalephera, amatha kugwetsa mabuloko akuluakulu a ayezi panjira yokwera.

Chimodzi mwa zoopsa zazikulu ndi ming'alu yobisika. Milatho ya chipale chofewa imatha kupangika m'mabowo akuya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti munthuyo azioneka ngati wotetezeka, koma imagwa ndikupangitsa munthuyo kugwa. Mipata imeneyi nthawi zonse imadutsa ndi makwerero omwe amagwiridwa ndi zingwe ndipo imafuna kuti wokwerayo aziyang'anitsitsa kwambiri.

M'madera ena, chipale chofewa chimaikanso pachiwopsezo kwa okwera mapiri. Chipale chofewa ndi ayezi zimatha kuphulika kuchokera m'malo ozungulira, pamene pali chipale chofewa chambiri kapena kutentha kwambiri. Chipale chofewa chimawonjezeka chifukwa cha zoopsa zingapo kotero kuti anthu akamawoloka, aliyense ayenera kukhala maso.

Kodi Glacier Imayenda Mofulumira Motani?

Mphepo ya Everest Icefall ndi chisanu chothamanga kwambiri. M'miyezi yachilimwe pamene madzi oundana amakhala othamanga, zigawo za chisanu zimatha kuyenda pafupifupi mamita 0.9 mpaka 1.2 (mamita 3 mpaka 4) patsiku. Kusunthaku kumachitika mosalekeza posintha malo a ming'alu ndi nsanja za ayezi.

Malo otetezeka kwambiri olowera amatha kusintha ngakhale munthu atasuntha mita imodzi mopingasa. Zingwe zomwe zakhala zikumangiriridwa kwa sabata imodzi zingafunike kusinthidwa sabata yotsatira. Madzi oundana nthawi zonse amatsika phiri ndipo amaika makwerero kuti asunthike nthawi zonse m'ming'alu.

Kuyenda kosalekeza ndi chimodzi mwa zifukwa zomwe sizingatheke kungotsatira mamapu akale kapena njira zakale zoyendera. Njirayo ndi yoti iyang'aniridwe ndi kusamalidwa nthawi zonse panthawi yokwera phiri.

N’chifukwa Chiyani Anthu Okwera Mphepete Amawoloka Dzuwa Lisanatuluke?

Njira ya Khumbu Icefall nthawi zambiri imadutsa m'mawa kwambiri, nthawi zambiri pafupifupi 2:00 kapena 3:00 am nyengo ikazizira ndipo ayezi amakhala okhazikika.

Dzuwa likawala, limakula pang'ono, chipale chofewa chimakhala chofewa ndipo chiopsezo cha kugwa kwa ayezi chimakwera. Ngakhale kuti kuwoloka m'mawa kwambiri sikungathetse kuyenda konse kwa ayezi, kudzachepetsa mwayi woyenda kwambiri kwa ayezi.

Choncho, magulu ambiri okwera mapiri amachoka ku Everest Base Camp nthawi isanakwane. Cholinga chawo ndi kufika ku Camp I dzuwa lisanatenthe kwambiri pa chisanu.

Kodi Okwera Mphepete mwa Nyanja Amawoloka Bwanji Madzi Oundana?

Khumbu Icefall ndi njira yovuta yokwerera yomwe imafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zida zapadera komanso kukonzekera bwino. Ma Crampons pansi ndi ma harnesses ndi ma carabiners akugwira zingwe zotetezeka zokhazikika pa ayezi.

Makwerero a aluminiyamu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kudutsa ming'alu ndipo nthawi zina makwerero angapo amalumikizidwa pamodzi kuti awoloke mipata ikuluikulu. Mipata yomwe ili pansi pa makwerero awa ikhoza kukhala yozama kwambiri, kotero kuwoloka makwerero awa kumafuna kulinganiza ndi kudzidalira.

Asanapite ku gulu lalikulu la anthu omwe ali paulendowu, njirayo imakonzedwa ndi kusamalidwa ndi a Sherpas odziwa bwino ntchito, otchedwa Icefall Doctors. Amayang'ana makwerero nthawi zonse ndikusintha zingwe zosweka ndikusintha njirayo pamene chisanu chikusintha. Ngati sichinali chifukwa cha kusamala kwawo nthawi zonse, zikanakhala zoopsa kwambiri kukwera chisanu.

Kodi Madokotala a Icefall ndi Chiyani?

Gulu lodzipereka lotchedwa Icefall Doctors nthawi zambiri limasamalira Everest Icefall nyengo iliyonse yokwera mapiri. Antchito odziwa bwino ntchito ku Sherpa ndi omwe ali ndi udindo wokonza njira yotetezeka kwambiri yodutsa mu chisanu.

Ntchito yawo imayamba okwera phiri asanafike ku EBC ya Everest. Amadziwa mzere woyenera kudutsa malo omwe amasintha nthawi zonse, amaika makwerero pamwamba pa ming'alu, amaika zingwe zokhazikika ndikuziyika pamalo ake.

M'nyengo yonseyi, amayang'anitsitsa momwe madzi oundana alili chifukwa njirayo ingakhale yoopsa nthawi iliyonse. Ming'alu yatsopano ikabuka kapena mipiringidzo ya ayezi ikasuntha, amakonza kapena kusuntha zigawo za njirayo. Ntchito yomwe amachita imakhudza kwambiri chitetezo cha maulendo onse aku South Col.

Kodi Ngozi Imeneyi Ingapewedwe Kotheratu?

Kugwa kwa Khumbu Icefall sikungatheke kukhala kotetezeka kotheratu. Ngakhale kuti zoopsa zina zimachepetsedwa ndi zida zamakono zokwerera, kulosera za nyengo ndi kayendetsedwe ka njira, palibe ngozi yomwe ingalamuliridwe kotheratu ndi anthu.

Anthu onse okwera mapiri amadziwa kuti nyengo imatha kusinthasintha mofulumira. Ngakhale kuti zinthu zonsezi zimathandiza kuchepetsa ngozi, sizingathe kuzichotsa.

Kwa anthu ambiri odziwa bwino kukwera mapiri, kugwa kwa ayezi ndi gawo lovuta komanso losautsa kwambiri pa kukwera phiri la Everest, popeza ndi kuphatikiza kwa zovuta zaukadaulo ndi zoopsa zachilengedwe zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimadziwika.

Kusintha kwa Nyengo ndi Tsogolo la Glacier

Kusintha kwa nyengo kukukhudzanso njira ya Khumbu Icefall Route. Khumbu Glacier ikukhudzidwa ndi kutentha komwe kumakwera, komwe kumakhudza mapiri onse a Himalaya.

Madzi oundana aoneka kuti akuchepa, akuyenda komanso akusungunuka m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi. Madera ena a madzi oundana amatha kukhala ndi kusakhazikika kwakukulu m'zaka zotentha, pomwe ena amatha kukhala ndi kusakhazikika m'zaka zozizira; komabe, m'zaka zonse, zinthu sizikuyenda bwino.

Derali likuphunziridwabe pofuna kudziwa zomwe zidzachitike paulendo wamtsogolo wopita ku phiri la Everest. Koma okwera mapiri ndi okonza maulendo oyendayenda nawonso amasintha nthawi kutengera kusintha kwa nyengo ndi momwe madzi oundana amakhalira.

Kodi Kugwa kwa Ice kwachitika ngozi zoopsa?

Pakhala ngozi zingapo zosayembekezereka zomwe zachitika m'mbiri ya kukwera phiri la Everest pa Everest Icefall. Ngakhale kuti pakonzedwa bwino, kuvulala ndi kufa kwachitika chifukwa cha kugwa kwa ma serac ndi ma ayezi omwe anagwa komanso ming'alu yobisika.

Ngozi yaikulu kwambiri inachitika mu 2014, pamene okwera mapiri 16 a Sherpa anaphedwa pamene chigwa chachikulu cha serac chinagwa. Tsoka limeneli linapangitsa kuti anthu adziwe za khalidwe losayembekezereka la chipale chofewa ndipo linabweretsanso kukambirana za chitetezo cha kukwera mapiri ndi kayendetsedwe ka njira.

Ngakhale kuti zinthu zasintha kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, madzi oundana akadali malo olemekezeka kwambiri kwa onse omwe amapita ku phirili.

N’chifukwa Chiyani Wokwera Phiri la Everest Aliyense Amalemekeza Kugwa kwa Ice?

Kugwa kwa Khumbu Icefall sikungokhala chotchinga chachilengedwe chokha. Kumakumbutsa wokwera phiri kuti ngakhale akuyesetsa ndi kusamala, mphamvu zachilengedwe sizingagonjetsedwe ndi china chilichonse.

Kuwoloka phiri la ayezi kungakhale kuyesa kuleza mtima, kugwira ntchito limodzi komanso kuganizira bwino zinthu. Kuwoloka phiri lililonse la ayezi ndi kukwera makwerero kumafuna kudzidalira komanso kusamala kofanana. Anthu ambiri okwera mapiri amati kufika ku Camp I ndi chinthu chachikulu chifukwa ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zoopsa kwambiri paulendo wonse.

Kutsiliza

Malo Otsetsereka a Khumbu Ice Fall amadziwika osati chifukwa cha kukongola kwake kodabwitsa kokha, komanso chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake osinthasintha nthawi zonse. Minda yozama ya ming'alu, ma serac ataliatali, kusintha kwa ayezi ndi madzi oundana osayembekezereka zimapangitsa kuti ikhale imodzi mwa malo oopsa kwambiri pa Phiri la Everest . Ming'alu yambiri imakhala yakuya mamita 45 mpaka 60 kapena kuposerapo, koma vuto lenileni ndi kuyenda kosalekeza kwa chisanu, osati kuya kwake kwenikweni.

Ndi kusintha kwa zida zokwerera ndi kayendetsedwe ka njira, Khumbu Icefall ikadali malo omwe chidziwitso, kukonzekera, ndi kulingalira bwino ndizofunikira kwambiri. Ndi gawo limodzi lodabwitsa komanso lovuta kwambiri paulendo wopita pamwamba, ndipo kukwera kulikonse kwa Everest kopambana kumadalira kuwoloka bwino kwa chisanu ichi.